2025 Global Arms Race: New Weapons Technology Reshapes International Security

The New Arms Race Era

A dangerous new arms race is emerging in 2025, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), at a time when traditional arms control regimes are severely weakened.

All nine nuclear-armed states are pursuing intensive modernization programmes, with a global inventory reaching approximately 12,241 warheads as of January 2025. Of these, about 9,614 are in military stockpiles for potential use.

Technological Advancements

The defense sector is experiencing a transformation through artificial intelligence, creating next-generation combat systems with enhanced decision-processing and faster response capabilities. AI algorithms are being employed to evaluate battlefield information, improving electronic warfare strategy optimization while reducing human error rates in real-time.

The United States and United Kingdom are advancing their hypersonic weapons development programs. These efforts include improved testing capabilities and launches anticipated in the coming months under the AUKUS alliance.

Emerging Global Tensions

China’s nuclear arsenal has grown to at least 600 warheads, increasing faster than any other country’s at about 100 new warheads annually since 2023. By early 2025, China had completed or nearly completed around 350 new ICBM silos across various locations.

As geopolitical tensions escalate, space-based defense security has become increasingly critical. Nations are pursuing independent satellite navigation programs to protect military operations, while real-time intelligence transmission from space-based communication systems continues to benefit ground forces.

Future Implications

Defense forces must maintain technological leadership as hypersonic weapons, space-based military systems, and swarm drones reshape the modern battlefield. However, these developments create uncertainty about the future security state of the globe, as they may either enhance global defense capabilities or trigger another technological competition.